What Makes A Cat A Cat?
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Brief Overview of Cat Behavior: What Makes a Cat a Cat?
Myrna Milani, BS, DVM
One of the reasons cats tend to elicit strong feelings in people takes the
form of this species's many unique characteristics.
People who expect cats to act like humans, little dogs, or all other
domestic animals often find these differences difficult to deal with or even
intolerable. On the other hand, those who enjoy novelty find cats most
enjoyable, if sometimes maddening, animals with which to share their homes.
Although all domestic animals possess behaviors that make them unique, cats
offer the added challenge provided by their status as our most recently
domesticated species.
In fact, judging by the numbers of feral cats (domestic animals gone wild)
whose numbers some estimate equals the almost 60 million pets in our homes, we
might even argue that the cat isn't domesticated at all.
On the other hand, if we look at some of the purebreds which are even newer
entries in the domestic cat scene, some of these appear so fragile as to make
their survival outside the most highly controlled environment questionable.
But that, too, is typical for the cat: For every extreme one cat presents, we
can find another cat displaying exactly the opposite!
Because cats are so much closer to their wild roots than dogs or any other
domestic animal, a lot of seemingly incomprehensible feline behaviors make
more sense if we understand where the cat is coming from.
Most scientists agree that today's pet cat descended from a small African
wildcat, Felis silvestris libyca; the term wildcat is used to differentiate
the small cats from the wild cat group which contains all wild felines.
One way a small creature can insure its own food supply at the same time it
decreases its own chance of being eaten, is to seek food when others aren't,
such as at night. Cats adopted this nocturnal strategy and can function very
well in restricted light or even in what we humans would consider total
darkness.
While hunting at night does confer some benefits, it's not completely without
problems. First, while the approach does limit encounters with diurnal
(daylight-active) predators, it doesn't rule out predators completely.
Imagine yourself a small hunter hunting in the tall grasses and forests in
minimal light to total darkness at the same time some other animal may be
hunting you. What kinds of characteristics would help you protect yourself?
First, you might want to start out with some sort of camouflage. For the
cat who hunts in tall grass, brush, and forest, a nice tabby pattern that
gives the illusion of light shining through vegetation does a most effective
job of hiding it.
Second, a keen sense of hearing would be a big advantage when locating food or
keeping track of predators at night.
Third, color and detail vision won't help a lot in the dark, but eyes that
could make the most of what light is available as well as those which are
sensitive to the slightest motion would be a real plus.
In addition to all of this marvelous dark-adapted physiology, the cat needs
some way to move swiftly through its territory on even the darkest night to
escape predators and other threats if necessary. To that end, cats lay down
scent trails using the scent glands on their feet, plus secretions from
similar glands on the sides of the face and head to mark prominent objects
along that path.
In some wild animals, these scents serve as such potent markers that, if an
animal accidentally veers when laying down the original trail, it will veer at
that same point every time thereafter. In this manner the cat lays down a
trail that has as much meaning to it as a trail of lights through the forest
would have for us.
The good news about scent marks is that they can communicate their message
on the darkest night as well as brightest day, and these messages last much
longer than sounds which might also alert predators.
The bad news is that the cat periodically must freshen up those marks as
well as mark off any new additions along the trail—which probably explains
the reason for the cat's well-know curiosity.
After a storm, the resident cat who doesn't check out his territory and
mark off any downed branches or other new obstructions in his path could find
himself in deep trouble when he encounters these for first time, unmarked and
in the dead of night, while trying to flee a predator.
Given the critical role scent marking plays in the small wildcat's survival,
we can understand why cats are also extremely territorial. Because they must
refresh these marks periodically and there are so many hours in a day (even
though cat-hours might not be quite the same as ours!), cats who spend all of
their time policing up a large territory won't have any time left to find food
and water and reproduce and, hence, will be eliminated from the gene pool. On
the other hand, the cat who claims just enough territory to support himself
(or herself and her kittens) will be able to achieve these goals more readily.
So now we have a relatively small creature who hunts and is being hunted at
night in an area just big enough to fulfill its needs. Given its dependence
both on that territory and those scent cues for its survival, we can also
appreciate why cats are solitary rather than social animals under such
conditions. They can't afford to share their space with other cats for two
critical life-saving reasons.
There's not enough food.
The scent trails of other cats could confuse the resident cat. From this,
we can see why it makes terribly good sense for a cat to be nocturnal,
predatory, territorial, and solitary. But what could possibly explain the
feline maternal-sexual nature that distinguishes it from all other domestic
animals, too?
The answer to that question also lies in the domestic cat's heritage. Like all
other animals, the goal of a mother cat (or queen), is to get her genes into
the gene pool, which means doing everything possible to insure her young
survive.
However, unlike social species who can rely on other pack members for
assistance throughout life, the cat has no such luxury. The queen much teach
the kittens everything they need to know to survive on their own. Not only
that, she must do this before the kittens' food requirements exceed the limits
of the territory. That means she must teach them a great deal in a very short
time, and they must possess the capacity to learn all this. Needless to say, a
very strong maternal bond comes in handy when fulfilling such a tall order.
Similarly, an animal which experiences a solitary existence on a fixed
territory with a limited food supply faces special challenges when it comes to
finding a partner. An animal which doesn't particularly enjoy hanging out with
its own kind—and may even views them as a threat—obviously needs a little
extra incentive when it comes to mating, as well as physiological and
behavioral adaptations to enable them to make the most of feline breeding
season.
We need only look at the alarming rate at which the small wildcat
populations are disappearing worldwide to appreciate how difficult it is for
these species to maintain their numbers in a shrinking habitat. Ironically and
sadly, more numerous domestic cats who compete for food, breed with wildcats
thereby diluting their already shrinking gene pool, and expose them to disease
also contribute to the problem.
To summarize then, five behaviors make cats cats: They're nocturnal,
territorial, solitary, predatory, and maternal-sexual. And because cats are so
newly domesticated, we can be sure these same behaviors influence our pets
every bit as much as they did their ancient ancestors.
©2002 Myrna M. Milani, DVM Telephone: 603-542-7227 -
HC 60, Box 40 - Charlestown, NH - 03603
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Cats Will Be Cats....
By: Alfred!
Meow and thanks for "paws-ing" in your busy day to take time out
and peruse our web site. We know you will be purr-fectly contented as you read
through these pages.
Simply put.....my life as a cat is fun.
Hey, let's face it guys, I've got it made in the shade with pink lemonade.
Who else do you know can curl up into an almost purr-fect round ball in a
cozy little nook or cranny or upon a window ledge or in a chair and sleep up
to 2/3's of the day?
Whenever....and I mean "When Ever" I want, I can get up and eat.
Plus I get in between meal treats from this guy who thinks he owns me....Hah!
My human companion, I prefer to call him the guy who makes sure my litter
box is clean and food on the table, is named Dave.
Actually, he's not too bad a guy. I have to at least once a day rub my nose
in his and then put my rear end in his face.....just to make sure he knows
it's my scent he should be smelling.......
Despite his drawbacks....he actually likes dogs...AAAAGhhhh. He's not all
that bad cause he does buy me a really high quality and scrumptious and I Do
Mean Delightfully Scrumptious food for my dining experience.
And as all you feline fanciers know....eating is a major part of a cat's life!
And you know what?
I used to get this really crappy food Dave bought me. He used to be a
cheapskate and bought me the stuff that was 40 pounds for $9.95.
I had to eat it cause that was all there was, but I sure did hiss and howl.
I tried to tell that big dummy that
what I really needed was a food with a high quality protein, not a food full
of corn, wheat, and chemical preservatives.
Can you even imagine how those toxic
chemical preservatives and that cheap corn could ever make me healthy????
Course I didn't feel good and my coat got real shabby, and I didn't have a lot
of energy. I used to be quite the Tom cat fighter in my earlier days.
I'd go out and "cat" around all night and got in some big time
fights with other neighborhood cats, I won my share of the bouts, but as I got
older the old spunk just wasn't there.
Hey I was too young to retire. And I sure did like chasing those pretty
little queenies.....Meow Meow!!!
Well it got so I started getting beat up pretty bad and Dave had to take me
in and get me what he called, "Fixed."
Hmmmm.....when I woke up something was gone and something was
different....seems I just didn't have that desire anymore.
So I retired to sleeping, eating, and trying to capture attention. But I
was still lethargic and just didn't have that energy and nice coat.
That is, until Dave finally got smart.
Well, I can say one thing, at least a dog did help us out one time. You see
Tippy, our canine house companion ate the garbage food too. But she got real
sick and had to go to the vet for a long time to get well.
Dave had to pay big bucks to get Tippy better and then Dave started doing
some serious research on what was in commercial pet foods.
Wow! You would not believe what he found out.
Anyway Dave started getting us this food called Life's Abundance
Cat Food.
Meow Meow...Purr Purr....what a major and I mean major difference that food
and Daily Supplement made!
He calls it a supplement anyway, I call it a Cat Treat!
But you would not believe how much better I feel and look. My coat is silky
smooth now and glistens and you know I'm an almost all black shorthair and am
really proud of how I look now!
And you know what else changed?
I no longer have fleas!
That's right, I no longer have fleas. Dave said the Life's Abundance food and
Daily Supplement (check that....Daily treat) actually strengthens my immune
system so I Repel fleas instead of attract them.
Now go figure will ya, all those years I tried to tell Dave to get me a high
quality food and he wouldn't do it, but finally he wised up and for sure it
was one of the best choices he ever made.
So listen up, if you are a feline friend, do that precious kitty of yours a
big time favor and check out this food and Daily Supplement.
Believe me, you will see a difference.
Check out Alfred's
Favorite Feline Cuisine Here
Your feline friend,
Alfred
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